Chapter 19: Subjunctive - Fundamentals of the Subjunctive Mood
Argentinian Spanish Level B1
🎯 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter:
- ✅ You'll understand what the subjunctive is and when to use it
- ✅ You'll be able to conjugate the Present Subjunctive
- ✅ You'll know subjunctive forms of regular and irregular verbs
- ✅ You'll use the subjunctive in sentences expressing emotions
- ✅ You'll master using the subjunctive with "vos"
- ✅ You'll understand the subjunctive in everyday porteño speech
🤔 19.1. What is the Subjunctive and When to Use It?
One of the most complex topics in Spanish: the subjunctive mood and its use in Argentina.
📚 What is the Subjunctive?
BASIC DEFINITION:
- Subjunctive: Verb mood expressing subjectivity, doubt, emotion, desire
- Indicative: Expresses real and objective situations
- Subjunctive: Expresses subjective, uncertain, emotional situations
- Subjunctive mood: Indicates doubt, hope, fear, desire
ARGENTINIAN CHARACTERISTIC:
- In Buenos Aires it's frequently used in everyday conversation
- Porteños express their emotions a lot, which is why subjunctive is common
- "Che, espero que tengas un buen día" (Hey, I hope you have a good day)
🎭 When to Use It?
IN EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS:
- Joy: Me alegra que vengas (I'm happy that you're coming)
- Sadness: Me da pena que no puedas venir (I'm sad that you can't come)
- Fear: Tengo miedo de que llueva (I'm afraid it will rain)
- Hope: Espero que estés bien (I hope you're well)
IN DOUBT AND UNCERTAINTY:
- Doubt: No creo que sea verdad (I don't think it's true)
- Probability: Es posible que llegue tarde (It's possible he'll arrive late)
- Negation: No es cierto que hable inglés (It's not true that he speaks English)
IN WISHES AND REQUESTS:
- Desire: Quiero que vos vengas (I want you to come)
- Request: Te pido que me ayudes (I ask you to help me)
- Command: Es necesario que estudies (It's necessary that you study)
🎨 Indicative vs Subjunctive
COMPARISON TABLE:
SITUATION | INDICATIVE | SUBJUNCTIVE |
---|---|---|
Real situation | Sé que viene | No creo que venga |
Certainty | Es verdad que trabaja | Es posible que trabaje |
Objectivity | Veo que está cansado | Me parece que esté cansado |
Past reality | Ayer llegó temprano | Espero que haya llegado |
💭 Porteño Examples
IN EVERYDAY CONVERSATION:
- "Ojalá que tengas suerte en el examen" (I hope you have luck on the exam)
- "No me parece que sea una buena idea" (I don't think it's a good idea)
- "Es una lástima que no puedas venir al asado" (It's a shame you can't come to the asado)
- "Te recomiendo que vayas a ese restaurante" (I recommend you go to that restaurant)
⚙️ 19.2. Present Subjunctive Conjugation
Formation of the Present Subjunctive and conjugation rules.
🔧 Conjugation Rules
FORMATION STEPS:
- Take the Yo form (present indicative)
- Remove the -o ending
- Add the opposite endings:
- -AR verbs: -e, -es, -e, -emos, -en
- -ER/-IR verbs: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -an
OPPOSITE ENDING SYSTEM:
- -AR verbs → take E endings
- -ER/-IR verbs → take A endings
📋 Regular Verbs Table
HABLAR (To speak):
PERSON | SUBJUNCTIVE | MEANING |
---|---|---|
Yo | hable | (that I) speak |
Vos | hables | (that you) speak |
Él/Ella | hable | (that he/she) speaks |
Nosotros | hablemos | (that we) speak |
Ellos | hablen | (that they) speak |
COMER (To eat):
PERSON | SUBJUNCTIVE | MEANING |
---|---|---|
Yo | coma | (that I) eat |
Vos | comas | (that you) eat |
Él/Ella | coma | (that he/she) eats |
Nosotros | comamos | (that we) eat |
Ellos | coman | (that they) eat |
VIVIR (To live):
PERSON | SUBJUNCTIVE | MEANING |
---|---|---|
Yo | viva | (that I) live |
Vos | vivas | (that you) live |
Él/Ella | viva | (that he/she) lives |
Nosotros | vivamos | (that we) live |
Ellos | vivan | (that they) live |
🎯 Special Use with Vos
ARGENTINIAN CHARACTERISTIC:
- The VOS form is the same as tú in subjunctive
- Vos hables (that you speak)
- Vos comas (that you eat)
- Vos vivas (that you live)
PORTEÑO EXAMPLES:
- "Che, quiero que vos vengas conmigo" (Hey, I want you to come with me)
- "Espero que vos entiendas esto" (I hope you understand this)
- "No creo que vos sepas la respuesta" (I don't think you know the answer)
🔄 Application Examples
EVERYDAY USE:
- Trabajar: "Es importante que trabajes duro" (It's important that you work hard)
- Estudiar: "Te sugiero que estudies más" (I suggest you study more)
- Descansar: "Necesito que descanses" (I need you to rest)
- Ayudar: "Quiero que me ayudes" (I want you to help me)
🎲 19.3. Regular and Irregular Verbs in Subjunctive
Subjunctive conjugations of irregular verbs and the most commonly used ones in Buenos Aires.
🔀 Important Irregular Verbs
SER (To be):
PERSON | SUBJUNCTIVE |
---|---|
Yo | sea |
Vos | seas |
Él/Ella | sea |
Nosotros | seamos |
Ellos | sean |
ESTAR (To be/located):
PERSON | SUBJUNCTIVE |
---|---|
Yo | esté |
Vos | estés |
Él/Ella | esté |
Nosotros | estemos |
Ellos | estén |
TENER (To have):
PERSON | SUBJUNCTIVE |
---|---|
Yo | tenga |
Vos | tengas |
Él/Ella | tenga |
Nosotros | tengamos |
Ellos | tengan |
IR (To go):
PERSON | SUBJUNCTIVE |
---|---|
Yo | vaya |
Vos | vayas |
Él/Ella | vaya |
Nosotros | vayamos |
Ellos | vayan |
📊 Common Irregular Verbs List
SINGLE SYLLABLE CHANGE:
- Hacer → haga, hagas, haga...
- Venir → venga, vengas, venga...
- Poner → ponga, pongas, ponga...
- Salir → salga, salgas, salga...
- Decir → diga, digas, diga...
STEM-CHANGING VERBS:
- Poder → pueda, puedas, pueda...
- Querer → quiera, quieras, quiera...
- Conocer → conozca, conozcas, conozca...
- Dormir → duerma, duermas, duerma...
🎭 Frequently Used Irregulars in Buenos Aires
DAILY LIFE:
- "Espero que tengas tiempo" (I hope you have time)
- "No creo que venga hoy" (I don't think he's coming today)
- "Es posible que llueva" (It's possible it will rain)
- "Ojalá que puedas venir" (I hope you can come)
PORTEÑO EXAMPLES:
- "Che, que tengas un buen finde" (Hey, have a good weekend)
- "Espero que no llueva para el asado" (I hope it doesn't rain for the asado)
- "Es importante que sepas esto" (It's important that you know this)
- "Quiero que vayas a lo de mi vieja" (I want you to go to my mom's place)
⚠️ Points to Watch
COMMON MISTAKES:
- ❌ "Quiero que vienes" → ✅ "Quiero que vengas"
- ❌ "Espero que está bien" → ✅ "Espero que esté bien"
- ❌ "Es posible que llueve" → ✅ "Es posible que llueva"
- ❌ "No creo que tiene razón" → ✅ "No creo que tenga razón"
MEMORY HELPERS:
- Irregular verbs generally derive from the yo form
- Memorize the yo form, the subjunctive will be easy
- Stem changes are the same in both indicative and subjunctive
💝 19.4. Sentences Expressing Emotions
The area where subjunctive is most used: emotions and forms of expression in Buenos Aires.
😊 Positive Emotions
JOY AND HAPPINESS:
- Me alegra que... (I'm happy that...)
- "Me alegra que vos estés bien" (I'm happy that you're well)
- Me da alegría que... (It gives me joy that...)
- "Me da alegría que vengas a verme" (It gives me joy that you're coming to see me)
- Qué bueno que... (How good that...)
- "Qué bueno que hayas llegado" (How good that you've arrived)
HOPE AND DESIRE:
- Espero que... (I hope that...)
- "Espero que tengas un lindo día" (I hope you have a nice day)
- Ojalá que... (I hope/wish that...)
- "Ojalá que llueva pronto" (I hope it rains soon)
- Deseo que... (I wish that...)
- "Deseo que seas feliz" (I wish you to be happy)
😟 Negative Emotions
SADNESS AND SORROW:
- Me da pena que... (It saddens me that...)
- "Me da pena que no puedas venir" (It saddens me that you can't come)
- Es una lástima que... (It's a shame that...)
- "Es una lástima que se vaya" (It's a shame that he's leaving)
- Siento que... (I'm sorry that...)
- "Siento que estés enfermo" (I'm sorry that you're sick)
FEAR AND WORRY:
- Tengo miedo de que... (I'm afraid that...)
- "Tengo miedo de que llueva" (I'm afraid it will rain)
- Me preocupa que... (It worries me that...)
- "Me preocupa que no vengas" (It worries me that you're not coming)
- Temo que... (I fear that...)
- "Temo que sea demasiado tarde" (I fear it's too late)
🎪 Porteño Emotional Expressions
BUENOS AIRES STYLE:
- "Che, me da una bronca que no vengas" (Hey, it pisses me off that you're not coming)
- "Qué copado que hayas conseguido trabajo" (How cool that you got a job)
- "Me hincha que siempre llegues tarde" (It annoys me that you always arrive late)
- "Está bárbaro que tengamos finde largo" (It's great that we have a long weekend)
MIXED WITH LUNFARDO:
- "Me da cosa que andes solo de noche" (It worries me that you walk alone at night)
- "Está piola que sepas tango" (It's cool that you know tango)
- "Me copa que seas así" (I like that you're like that)
🗣️ Everyday Dialogue Examples
DIALOGUE 1:
- A: "¿Sabés que María se casa?"
- B: "¡Qué bueno que haya encontrado el amor!"
- A: "Sí, me alegra mucho que sea feliz"
DIALOGUE 2:
- A: "No creo que pueda ir al asado del domingo"
- B: "Ay, qué pena que no vengas. Va a estar buenísimo"
- A: "Ojalá que tengan buen tiempo"
DIALOGUE 3:
- A: "Me preocupa que Juan no haya llamado"
- B: "Tranqui, seguro que esté ocupado nomás"
- A: "Espero que tengas razón"
🧉 19.5. Using Subjunctive with Vos
The use of the specifically Argentinian pronoun vos in subjunctive and examples of porteño speech.
🎯 Vos + Subjunctive Rules
BASIC RULE:
- Vos takes the same form as tú in subjunctive
- Vos hables = Tú hables (that you speak)
- Vos comas = Tú comas (that you eat)
- No accent difference in subjunctive
COMPARISON:
VERB | VOS (Indicative) | VOS (Subjunctive) |
---|---|---|
Hablar | Vos hablás | Vos hables |
Comer | Vos comés | Vos comas |
Vivir | Vos vivís | Vos vivas |
Tener | Vos tenés | Vos tengas |
💬 Porteño Speech Patterns
EVERYDAY REQUESTS:
- "Che, quiero que vos vengas conmigo" (Hey, I want you to come with me)
- "Necesito que vos me ayudes" (I need you to help me)
- "Boludo, espero que vos entiendas" (Dude, I hope you understand)
EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS:
- "Me alegra que vos estés bien" (I'm happy that you're well)
- "Me preocupa que vos no sepas esto" (It worries me that you don't know this)
- "Ojalá que vos tengas suerte" (I hope you have luck)
ADVICE AND SUGGESTIONS:
- "Te recomiendo que vos vayas a ese lugar" (I recommend you go to that place)
- "Es mejor que vos hables con él" (It's better that you talk to him)
- "Sería bueno que vos estudies más" (It would be good if you studied more)
🎭 Characteristic Porteño Examples
PHRASES HEARD ON THE STREET:
- "Che pibe, espero que sepas lo que hacés" (Hey kid, I hope you know what you're doing)
- "Viejo, me da cosa que andes por ahí solo" (Old man, it worries me that you walk around alone)
- "Flaco, ojalá que tengas razón" (Skinny, I hope you're right)
FAMILY CONVERSATIONS:
- "Hijo, quiero que vos seas feliz" (Son, I want you to be happy)
- "Mi amor, espero que vos entiendas" (My love, I hope you understand)
- "Che mami, necesito que vos me ayudes" (Hey mom, I need you to help me)
📱 Modern Buenos Aires Subjunctive
WHATSAPP MESSAGES:
- "Che, ojalá que tengas un re lindo día ❤️"
- "Espero que estés bien, hace tiempo que no hablamos"
- "Qué bueno que hayas conseguido ese laburo! 🎉"
SOCIAL MEDIA:
- "Me alegra que seas tan copado" #amigos
- "Ojalá que tengas un finde genial" #vibes
- "Espero que estés disfrutando las vacaciones" 🏖️
🎪 Porteño Slang in Subjunctive
MIXED WITH LUNFARDO:
- "Me copa que vos sepas tanto de tango"
- "Está buenísimo que vos tengas esa onda"
- "Me da cosa que vos andes tan bajón"
- "Qué groso que vos hayas venido"
CASUAL AND FAMILIAR:
- "Che boludo, quiero que seas sincero conmigo"
- "Viejo, necesito que me digas la verdad"
- "Flaco, espero que entiendas mi situación"
- "Loco, ojalá que podamos vernos pronto"
🏆 Practical Subjunctive Exercise
COMPLETE:
- "Che, quiero que vos..." (to come)
- "Espero que vos..." (to be well)
- "Me alegra que vos..." (to understand)
- "Ojalá que vos..." (to have) tiempo
ANSWERS:
- vengas (come)
- estés bien (be well)
- entiendas (understand)
- tengas (have)
🎯 PRACTICAL DIALOGUES
Dialogue 1: Friend Conversation
Mateo: "Che Lucas, ¿cómo te va?" Lucas: "Todo bien, espero que vos también estés bien" Mateo: "Sí, pero me preocupa que no hayas llamado" Lucas: "Ojalá que entiendas, he estado muy ocupado" Mateo: "No hay problema, solo quería que sepas que estoy acá"
Dialogue 2: Family Conversation
Madre: "Hijo, quiero que vengas a almorzar el domingo" Hijo: "Ojalá que pueda, mamá. Tengo mucho trabajo" Madre: "Es importante que estés con la familia" Hijo: "Tenés razón. Espero que haya empanadas" Madre: "Por supuesto. Me alegra que tengas ganas de venir"
Dialogue 3: Couple Conversation
Sofia: "Me da pena que trabajes tanto, amor" Diego: "Lo sé, pero necesito que entiendas mi situación" Sofia: "Te entiendo, solo quiero que seas feliz" Diego: "Ojalá que pronto todo cambie para mejor" Sofia: "Espero que sí. Mientras tanto, quiero que sepas que te amo"