Chapter 12: Past Tense - Pretérito Imperfecto
Argentine Spanish Level A2
🎯 CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter:
- ✅ You will learn the Imperfect conjugation
- ✅ You will be able to narrate continuous past situations
- ✅ You will express past habits
- ✅ You will understand the difference between Preterite and Imperfect
- ✅ You will be able to tell childhood memories
- ✅ You will understand life stories from past Buenos Aires
🌊 12.1. Imperfect Conjugation
The Pretérito Imperfecto expresses continuous past time. This tense is used to narrate ongoing past situations, habits, and descriptions.
📚 -AR Verbs (hablar example)
Person | Conjugation | Pronunciation | English Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
yo | hablaba | a-BLA-ba | I was speaking/used to speak |
vos | hablabas | a-BLA-bas | you were speaking/used to speak |
él/ella/usted | hablaba | a-BLA-ba | he/she was speaking/used to speak |
nosotros/as | hablábamos | a-BLA-ba-mos | we were speaking/used to speak |
ustedes | hablaban | a-BLA-ban | you (plural) were speaking/used to speak |
ellos/as | hablaban | a-BLA-ban | they were speaking/used to speak |
🇦🇷 Important Note: The vos conjugation is "hablabas" and follows a regular pattern.
📝 -ER and -IR Verbs
COMER example (-ER verb):
Person | Conjugation | English Meaning |
---|---|---|
yo | comía | I was eating/used to eat |
vos | comías | you were eating/used to eat |
él/ella/usted | comía | he/she was eating/used to eat |
nosotros/as | comíamos | we were eating/used to eat |
ustedes | comían | you (plural) were eating/used to eat |
ellos/as | comían | they were eating/used to eat |
VIVIR example (-IR verb):
Person | Conjugation | English Meaning |
---|---|---|
yo | vivía | I was living/used to live |
vos | vivías | you were living/used to live |
él/ella/usted | vivía | he/she was living/used to live |
nosotros/as | vivíamos | we were living/used to live |
ustedes | vivían | you (plural) were living/used to live |
ellos/as | vivían | they were living/used to live |
⭐ Imperfect Conjugation Patterns
-AR verbs: -aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -aban, -aban -ER/-IR verbs: -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -ían, -ían
Buenos Aires Examples:
- "Cuando era chico, jugaba fútbol en la plaza" (When I was a kid, I used to play soccer in the square)
- "Mi abuela siempre tomaba mate a las 4" (My grandmother always used to drink mate at 4 o'clock)
- "Antes vivíamos en Palermo" (We used to live in Palermo before)
🌟 Irregular Verbs (Only 3!)
The Imperfect has very few irregular verbs:
SER (to be):
Person | Conjugation | English Meaning |
---|---|---|
yo | era | I was |
vos | eras | you were |
él/ella/usted | era | he/she was |
nosotros/as | éramos | we were |
ustedes | eran | you (plural) were |
ellos/as | eran | they were |
IR (to go):
Person | Conjugation | English Meaning |
---|---|---|
yo | iba | I was going/used to go |
vos | ibas | you were going/used to go |
él/ella/usted | iba | he/she was going/used to go |
nosotros/as | íbamos | we were going/used to go |
ustedes | iban | you (plural) were going/used to go |
ellos/as | iban | they were going/used to go |
VER (to see):
Person | Conjugation | English Meaning |
---|---|---|
yo | veía | I was seeing/used to see |
vos | veías | you were seeing/used to see |
él/ella/usted | veía | he/she was seeing/used to see |
nosotros/as | veíamos | we were seeing/used to see |
ustedes | veían | you (plural) were seeing/used to see |
ellos/as | veían | they were seeing/used to see |
🔄 12.2. Continuous Past Situations
The Imperfect narrates situations that were developing in the past without a specific starting or ending point.
🎨 Past Descriptions
Physical Characteristics:
- Era muy alto y delgado (He was very tall and thin)
- Tenía pelo rubio y ojos azules (He had blonde hair and blue eyes)
- Mi casa era pequeña pero cómoda (My house was small but comfortable)
- El barrio era muy tranquilo (The neighborhood was very quiet)
Emotional States:
- Estaba muy contento en esa época (I was very happy during that time)
- Me sentía un poco solo (I felt a bit lonely)
- Estábamos nerviosos por el examen (We were nervous about the exam)
🌅 Setting Past Scenes
Weather Conditions:
- Hacía mucho calor ese verano (It was very hot that summer)
- Llovía todos los días (It rained every day)
- El cielo estaba nublado (The sky was cloudy)
Environmental Description:
- La plaza estaba llena de gente (The square was full of people)
- Los chicos jugaban fútbol (The kids were playing soccer)
- Las mujeres charlaban en el banco (The women were chatting on the bench)
- Sonaba tango desde un café (Tango was playing from a café)
🇦🇷 Past Buenos Aires Scenes
Sunday in San Telmo: "Era domingo por la tarde. Hacía un sol hermoso. La feria de San Telmo estaba llena de turistas. Los artistas cantaban tango en las esquinas. La gente caminaba despacio, miraba los antigüedades. Yo tomaba un café en un bar que daba a la plaza."
Evening in Puerto Madero: "Eran las 7 de la tarde. El sol se escondía detrás de los edificios. Las parejas paseaban por la costanera. Los restaurantes se preparaban para la cena. El agua del río brillaba con las luces de la ciudad."
🔁 12.3. Past Habits
One of the most important functions of the Imperfect is to narrate actions that were done regularly in the past.
⏰ Time Expressions
Frequency Expressions:
Spanish Expression | English Meaning | Example |
---|---|---|
siempre | always | Siempre desayunaba mate cocido |
todos los días | every day | Todos los días iba al trabajo en bondi |
cada mañana | every morning | Cada mañana leía el diario |
generalmente | generally | Generalmente almorzaba en casa |
de vez en cuando | from time to time | De vez en cuando iba al cine |
a menudo | often | A menudo visitaba a mi abuela |
Daily Routines:
- "Me levantaba a las 7, desayunaba y me iba al trabajo" (I used to get up at 7, have breakfast and go to work)
- "Los sábados íbamos a la cancha de Boca" (On Saturdays we used to go to Boca's stadium)
- "Mi mamá siempre cocinaba milanesas los domingos" (My mom always used to cook milanesas on Sundays)
👶 Childhood Habits
School Time:
- Cuando era chico, iba a una escuela cerca de casa
- Jugaba con mis amigos en el recreo
- Volvía caminando después de las clases
- Hacía la tarea en la cocina con mi mamá
Family Traditions:
- Los domingos visitábamos a los abuelos
- Siempre comíamos asado en familia
- Mi papá nos llevaba al parque
- Por las noches escuchábamos radio
🇦🇷 Argentine Cultural Customs
Mate Culture:
- "En mi familia siempre tomábamos mate después del almuerzo"
- "Mi abuelo preparaba el mate perfecto"
- "Nos sentábamos en ronda a charlar"
Football Tradition:
- "Todos los domingos íbamos a la cancha"
- "Escuchábamos los partidos por radio"
- "Mi papá me enseñaba los nombres de los jugadores"
Tango and Music:
- "Mi abuela bailaba tango en las milongas"
- "En casa siempre sonaba folklore"
- "Los vecinos cantaban en las reuniones"
⚖️ 12.4. Difference between Preterite and Imperfect
The distinction between these two past tenses is fundamental. Choosing the correct tense can completely change the meaning of the sentence.
📊 Fundamental Differences
Pretérito Perfecto | Pretérito Imperfecto |
---|---|
Completed actions | Continuous situations |
Specific time | Indefinite time |
Action-focused | Situation-focused |
"What happened?" | "What was it like?" |
⏰ Time Perspective
Pretérito Perfecto (Punctual):
- Ayer comí pizza (Yesterday I ate pizza - single action)
- El lunes pasado llovió (Last Monday it rained - specific event)
- A las 3 llegué a casa (At 3 o'clock I arrived home - precise moment)
Pretérito Imperfecto (Durative):
- Antes comía pizza todos los viernes (I used to eat pizza every Friday - habit)
- En invierno siempre llovía (In winter it always rained - continuous pattern)
- Cuando era chico llegaba tarde (When I was a kid I used to arrive late - habitual action)
🎭 Both Tenses in the Same Sentence
Both tenses are frequently combined:
Structure: Imperfect (scene) + Preterite (action)
- Estaba leyendo cuando sonó el teléfono (I was reading when the phone rang)
- Caminaba por la calle y vi a mi amigo (I was walking down the street and I saw my friend)
- Era de noche cuando llegamos (It was night when we arrived)
💡 Practical Rules
Use Preterite when:
- You know how many times it happened: "Tres veces fui al cine"
- There's a specific time: "A las 8 desayuné"
- Beginning/end is indicated: "Estudié de 2 a 5"
Use Imperfect when:
- It's a habit: "Todos los días estudiaba"
- It's a description: "Era muy alto"
- It's a continuous situation: "Vivía en Buenos Aires"
🇦🇷 Porteño Examples
Preterite:
- "Ayer fui a la Bombonera y vi el partido" (Yesterday I went to the Bombonera and saw the match)
Imperfect:
- "Cuando era chico siempre iba a la Bombonera" (When I was a kid I always used to go to the Bombonera)
Combined:
- "Estaba tomando mate cuando llegó mi amigo" (I was drinking mate when my friend arrived)
👶 12.5. Telling Childhood Memories
The Imperfect is perfect for narrating childhood memories because it expresses the continuous situations and habits of that time.
🏠 Home and Family Memories
House Description:
- "La casa donde vivía era grande y tenía un patio enorme"
- "Mi cuarto estaba al fondo y daba al jardín"
- "La cocina siempre olía a comida casera"
- "En el living había un televisor viejo en blanco y negro"
Family Members:
- "Mi papá trabajaba en una fábrica"
- "Mi mamá se quedaba en casa y cuidaba a los chicos"
- "Mis abuelos vivían cerca y nos visitaban seguido"
- "Tenía dos hermanos mayores que me molestaban"
🎮 Games and Entertainment
Street Games:
- "Jugábamos a la pelota en la calle"
- "Las nenas saltaban la soga"
- "Hacíamos competencias de carreras"
- "En verano nos mojábamos con la manguera"
Indoor Activities:
- "Los días de lluvia jugábamos a las cartas"
- "Escuchábamos cuentos por la radio"
- "Dibujábamos y pintábamos en la mesa de la cocina"
🏫 School Memories
School Life:
- "Mi escuela quedaba a cinco cuadras de casa"
- "Íbamos caminando con los vecinos"
- "La maestra era muy estricta pero buena"
- "En el recreo jugábamos fútbol en el patio"
Subjects and Classmates:
- "Mi materia favorita era educación física"
- "Tenía un amigo que se llamaba Pablo"
- "Siempre me sentaba adelante"
- "Los viernes había acto y cantábamos el himno"
🇦🇷 Porteño Childhood Stories
Neighborhood Memories: "El barrio donde crecí era muy tranquilo. Todos se conocían. Los almacenes eran de familia y el almacenero sabía los nombres de todos los chicos. En la esquina había un kiosco donde comprábamos golosinas. Los domingos la plaza se llenaba de familias que iban a tomar mate."
Porteño School: "Mi escuela era muy tradicional. Usábamos guardapolvos blancos y cantábamos la Marcha de San Lorenzo. Los lunes había saludo a la bandera. La directora conocía a todos los padres. Después de clases jugábamos en la vereda hasta que oscurecía."
Family Traditions: "En mi familia los domingos eran sagrados. Mi abuela hacía ravioles caseros. Los hombres escuchaban fútbol por radio. Nosotros, los chicos, jugábamos en el patio. A la tarde tomábamos mate y comíamos facturas. Era una época simple pero feliz."
💭 Useful Structures for Memories
Opening Phrases:
- "Cuando era chico/a..." (When I was a kid...)
- "En mi infancia..." (In my childhood...)
- "Recuerdo que..." (I remember that...)
- "En esa época..." (At that time...)
- "Antes..." (Before...)
Connecting Expressions:
- "Siempre..." (always)
- "Nunca..." (never)
- "A veces..." (sometimes)
- "Generalmente..." (generally)
- "Los fines de semana..." (on weekends)
Emotional Expressions:
- "Me encantaba..." (I loved...)
- "Me gustaba mucho..." (I really liked...)
- "No me gustaba nada..." (I didn't like at all...)
- "Tenía miedo de..." (I was afraid of...)
- "Me divertía..." (I had fun...)